• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An uninterruptible power supply including a transformer having a first input winding normally coupling an inverter AC source with a critical AC load, which transformer also includes a second input winding operable to supply power from a bypass source to the load in the event of malfunction of the inverter circuit. The inverter is of the four-quadrant pulse-width-modulated type, thereby to permit recharging of the battery which serves as the DC source to the inverter. An inductance is provided for varying the phase relationship between a utility voltage source and the inverter voltage to produce minimum real inverter current and the "break-even" operating conduction, and a step-up device is provided for increasing the utility voltage to further minimize the break-even inverter current required during normal operation, and to maximize the through-put efficiency.
    公开号:SU1538907A3
    申请号:SU864027029
    申请日:1986-02-14
    公开日:1990-01-23
    发明作者:Дж.Радди Вильям；В.Джонсон Роберт (Младший)；Дж.Трейси Джон；В.Зонненберг Блазей
    申请人:Эксид Электроникс Интернэшнл Корп. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:


    with
    1
    The invention relates to equipment power devices with continuous alternating voltage of constant frequency, in particular computer equipment.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency.
    FIG. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a basic uninterruptible power supply system including a transformer with an isolated backup winding for connecting power sources with a load; in fig. 2 is a block diagram of a modification of an uninterruptible power supply system with an inductance connected in series to an industrial network line for power factor control; in fig. 3 is an equivalent system diagram; in FIG. 4 and 5 are vector diagrams illustrating the operation of the equipment; in fig. 6 is a graph of inverter current versus voltage in an industrial network; in fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit illustrating an increase in the voltage produced by a transformer connection; in fig. 8 is a graph of through-efficiency versus voltage in an industrial network; FIG. 9 and 10 are electric circuits illustrating power factor control using a separate inductance and shunting a transformer, respectively; in fig. 11 - electrical circuit is10
    15
    15389074
    time, while inverter 4 continues to deliver the desired AC voltage, while at the same time there is substantial protection against noise interference, current surges, short-term voltage drops and irregularities of the voltage form in the industrial network. In the event of an increase in consumption in the load, if there is a backup source 7, the device switches the load to the reserve 7 using the junction switch 5. Transformer 8 makes it possible to alternately connect an inverter 4 or a backup source 7 to a critical load 6, respectively. Transformer 8 serves to use various voltages of an industrial and backup network, as well as to provide excellent voltage for a critical load 6. The transition switch 5 is a means for quickly changing the source of power.
    The industrial network (Fig. 2) 9 supplies AC voltage to a four-quadrant inverter 10 with pulse-width modulation and sinusoidal output voltage through an inductance coil 11 connected in series, and the output of inverter 10 is connected via transformer 8 to a critical load 6. Battery 3 is connected to the inverter 10
    20
    25
    thirty
    the point in FIG. 12 - the connection between ob-35 and the inverter determines which part
    coils of the transformer in the device, in FIG. 13 and 14 - vector diagrams illustrating the source; in fig. 15 is a block diagram of a system including a power source; FIG. 16 and 17 are voltage diagrams illustrating bidirectional improvement of network parameters obtained in the proposed system.
    The voltage source of the industrial network or the power source 1 feeds the rectifier - charging device 2, which converts the alternating voltage of the network into a constant voltage to charge the battery 3. The voltage on this battery is then used to power the inverter 4, which converts the DC voltage of the battery 3 into the AC voltage and supplies it through the switch 5 to the critical load 6 of the AC. With this system, the industrial network can be disconnected by a considerable amount
    0
    the critical load current is supplied from the mains and what part of the battery, and what part of the inverter current is supplied to charge the battery.
    FIG. 2 shows the source in normal operation. When operating in the standby mode, the transition switch 5 is closed to connect the reserve source 7 to the transformer 8 and simultaneously disconnects the industrial network 9.
    The simplified equivalent circuit for a common device (Fig. 3) shows the voltage of the industrial network Ey, the inductance tt (L5) through which the current flows, and the critical load 6 (Zu) in which the load current flows 10. The inverter and the critical the load is essentially connected in parallel with each other and supplied by the voltage from the industrial network 9 through a series inductance 11 (L3).
    five
    The generalized vector diagram of the circuit is shown for the case (Fig. 4), when the angle between the phase of the EC mains voltage and the output voltage of the inverter E is Ј, and the voltage of the inverter is lagging in phase. The voltage of the EL on the inductance is the difference between the vectors E. and E. and is shown connecting the ends of these two vectors. The current in the inductance IL for practically absent losses in the inductance is directed at a right angle to E. and the load current I0 is received by lagging from the voltage on the inverter by an angle $ determined by the power factor of the load. Inverter current I. equal to the vector difference between the load current I о and the current in the inductance IL (Fig. 4). The angle d is also shown. t to which-1 is behind Ev.
    FIG. Figure 5 shows vector diagrams when the angle is changed between the voltage of the industrial network Ev and the output voltage of the inverter EJ, and the modules Ev and E, are equal. The case is shown when the power factor is equal to one.
    When the angle ft is small (for example, / J - D) the input current or current in inductance 1 is also small, the inverter current is almost in phase with the inverter voltage EJ, and therefore the inverter delivers active power to power the load not powered by the industrial network. In this case, the inverter battery is discharged.
    When pi is slightly larger (fi-fig) 1 is much larger, in fact its part is active (i.e. its projection on the horizontal axis) is equal to (, and the promanet gives all the power consumed in the load. Since 1 is approximately at an angle of 90 ° to the voltage of the inverter E., the inverter does not give out active power and does not take it, and therefore the battery current is zero (neglecting losses). However, a substantial reactive current flows in the inverter, as shown by vector 1 |. the output and consumption of active power in the inverter are indicated case of half mode.
    For an even greater angle of input voltage (t), the current I, but more, as well as
    i. current and inverter I
    H.
    ; however, the direction of the vector indicates that the inverter is input
    five
    0
    five
    active power is given, while the inverter battery is charged when working with angle i. When the input angle Φ changes, the current modulus of the inverter I; changes substantially.
    FIG. 6 shows the change in current. the inverter as a function of the input voltage (normalized) for the conditions of the half mode. For a power factor of one, the current of the inverter is minimal when the input voltage of the network is Ey, equal to 1.1 P.U. The system is improved by scaling or transforming the input network voltage by a factor of 1.1 (Fig. 7).
    Thus, in FIG. Figure 7 shows a system in the form of an equivalent circuit with a transformation ratio of 1: 1.1 for a rise, in the voltage between the network terminals and the inductance input LJ. (The equivalent circuit shows the implementation as an autotransformer). With such a factor of 1.1, the inverter current with a load removed is actually higher than with a full load, as shown by the arrow () in FIG. 6
    The effect of transforming the input voltage is illustrated in FIG. 8, where the end-to-end efficiency is shown depending on the normalized voltage of the EC network for an inverter with an efficiency of 83%. Through efficiency is maximum,
    5 approximately at a minimum inverter current, at a transformed input voltage of approximately 1.1. The specified parameters are calculated for a power supply system of 120 V, 3 kV. Sledo
    0, for a load with a unit power factor, a ratio of 1.1 gives practically maximum end-to-end efficiency and gives acceptable efficiencies for both the power factor of 0.8 per ot5 and the power factor of 0.9 per lead. For other loads with different power factors, maximum end-to-end efficiency and minimum inverter current
    0 in the half mode can be obtained by using other appropriate transform coefficient values.
    Industrial network 9 (FIG. 9) through 5 provides a variable voltage to a four-quadrant inverter with a sinusoidal output and PWM 10 through a series inductance 11, and the output of the inverter is connected via a transformer0
    7153
    A torus 8 with a critical load 6. The battery 3 is connected to the inverter 10 and the latter determines how much current from the mains supply goes to the critical load and how much from the battery, and how much current from the inverter is supplied to charge the battery.
    When operating in standby mode (Fig. 9), a transition switch 5 is activated, whereby the backup source 7 is connected to the transformer 8, the industrial network 9 is disconnected from the winding 12, and the inverter is connected to the communication device through the inductance 12 NTLS, which is chosen so that the ratio of turns of the transformer 8 windings is taken into account, and for the inverter the connection
    imitates
    work from industrial se 2Q input wires 24 and 25 of the filter
    PWM. Each of the bridge sections is made on a powerful switching transistor, the NpNc semiconductor type R torus
    diode on high current parallel to 25 transistor.
    In each of the upper sections of the bridge, the collectors of the two transistors are connected to the positive pole of the battery 9 with inductance 11. This allows the inverter to charge and maintain the battery in the charged state at the desired level even when the load is operated from a backup source.
    In the modification (Fig. 10), instead of using LS inductance, magnetic shunts 13 having the same equivalent inductance are inserted into the transformer coupling. The winding of the critical load 30, the winding of the inverter 14 and the winding of the backup source 15 are strongly connected with each other, and the winding of the industrial network 16 is weakly connected with the other windings. The degree of coupling is chosen equivalent to the action of a discrete inductance.
    The system described uses the same input and output voltages. A transformer makes it possible to convert one AC voltage to another. However, if the coefficient of trans
    positive pole ako
    and transistors and diodes in
    35
    40
    and emitters are connected to the output lines of the bridge.
    The two diodes in the upper sections have such polarity that their cathodes are connected to the cumulator, the lower sections B and D have polarity opposite polarity in sections A and C. In this operation, the base of four key transistors are turned on for conductivity and locking pairwise in a predetermined sequence and in advance predetermined time intervals (in this example, 26 times during a sine wave period), so that the output pins of 24 and 25 of the bridge circuit carry pulsed latitude-modulation for the input winding of the machine, 45 lyar signals from a portion The EJ value LJ automatically changes to the correct value scale corresponding to the requirements of the input voltage. It is equally possible to change any of the transformer windings to obtain any desired voltage at a critical load from any input voltage, and in case of a large load, switch to a backup source with a third voltage, if necessary.
    FIG. Figure 11 shows the source at 120-volt AC mains and a supply voltage of 3 KVA.
    five
    eight
    at 60 Hz, the load power factor is one. The battery 17 in this example is connected to a 120 V DC voltage through a suitable fuse 18 with a shunt capacitor 19, typically with a capacitance of about 15,000 microfarads. Also, a four-quadrant inverter 19 with PWM and sinusoidal output voltage, consisting of a PWM filter and four transistor-diode sections A, B, C and D connected to the bridge circuit, where the battery is connected between the upper 20 and lower 21, is connected in parallel with the battery. connections of the bridge, and connections 22 and 23 of the opposite diagonal of the bridge are connected to the corresponding
    0
    positive pole ako
    and transistors and diodes in
    five
    0
    and emitters are connected to the output lines of the bridge.
    The two diodes in the upper sections have such polarity that their cathodes are connected to the cumulator, the lower sections B and D have the polarity opposite to polarity in sections A and C. In such an operation, the bases of four key transistors are turned on for conductivity and locking in pairs in a predetermined sequence and in advance predetermined time intervals (in this example, 26 times during the sine wave period), so that the output pins 24 and 25 of the bridge circuit carry pulsed width-moduli according to the sinusoid law, which signals after passing through 26 PWM low-pass filters provide a sine wave from battery energy. Each of
    The filter capacitors may have a capacitance value of about 200 microfarads, and the inductance of each of the two coils may be in the order of 400 μH, and the inductance of the coil may be about
    13 μH, from which a low-pass filter is obtained with an upper edge of the band of about 3 kHz and a notch filter trap at the carrier frequency of the PWM pulses. Output terminals 27 and 28 inver91538
    torus is connected to the inverter winding 29 of the transformer through the switch 5 transition.
    The transformer winding 29 can have a number of turns equal to about half the number of turns in the load winding 30 that feeds the load (i.e. if the number of turns in the winding 30 is N2, then the number of turns in the inverter output winding 29 is 1/2 NI) . When operating in standby mode, the industrial network is connected to winding 21 by means of static
    switch 32. In a typical case of 4g vectors representing, for example, the winding 31 of a transformer has windings 31 and windings 29. The same number of turns as the connection (Fig. 1 1) between the hot coil 30. Also in standby mode, the inverter is connected to the winding terminal 33 and 28 via switch 34 of alternating current and inductance 35, allowing the inverter to work from the winding 29 of transformer 8 as if it were an industrial network.
    Winding 31, 29 and 30 transformer25
    The wire 40 of the network and the winding 44 passes through the fuse 47 and the AC breaker 39, similar to the design of the backup reserve switches 32 and the AC switch 34, which is activated, if desired, by electrical signals by means of the switching unit 48 applied to the thyristor control electrodes. For example, if the mains voltage disappears, the circuit breaker 39 automatically opens, and the load is supplied with alternating voltage completely from the battery and the inverter.
    They are tightly connected to each other, for example, they can be wound one on top of another on a common iron core 36, so that the output voltage of the inverter is equal to the voltage on the load. The transformer winding 30 is directly connected to the load terminals 37 and 38. All static switches 32, 34 and 39 are used to get faster switching from the NPC block to other sources. They are made of pairs of anti-parallel thyristors, each of which is switched on to conductance by signals supplied to its control electrode, and the pair thus serves as a bi-directional electronic switch, controlled by electrical signals indicative of any selected fault, such as, for example, a large voltage change at unloading due to load disturbance.
    An alternating current network consisting of combustible wire 40 and neutral wire 41 is connected via network terminals 42 and 43 to a transformer winding 44, which is wound on the same core where the windings 31, 30 and 29 are wound, but poorly connected with them the account of intermediate magnetic shunts 45 and 46, which have bodies of ferromagnetic material, arranged to shunt or bypass a part of the magnetic flux,
    07
    ten
    which would otherwise extend between winding 44 and coils 31, 30 and 29. Each magnetic shunt is provided with at least a small air gap on each side of the shunt so that a complete shunting is not obtained. Such structures and procedures are well known, and the physical implementation of a transformer is schematically illustrated in FIG. 12, where the magnetic shunts are designated by the positions 45 and 46. This isolation inductance allows independent adjustment of the vectors representing the voltage of the winding 31 and the winding 29. The connection (Fig. 1 1) between hot Q
    five
    0
    The wire 40 of the network and the winding 44 passes through the fuse 47 and the AC breaker 39, similar to the design of the backup reserve switches 32 and the AC switch 34, which is activated, if desired, by electrical signals by means of the switching unit 48 applied to the thyristor control electrodes. For example, if the mains voltage disappears, the circuit breaker 39 automatically opens, and the load is supplied with alternating voltage completely from the battery and the inverter.
    The ratio R of the number of turns Ng of the winding 30 of the transformer to the number of turns M (windings 44
    5 transformer is different from one, i.e. Yy / y (1.1.
    The ratio of the turns NЈ / N of the windings 30 and 44 is represented by the position of the tap on the autotransformer, which actually raises the network voltage applied to the input end of inductance L5 from Ey to 10% more Ey. The series inductance Ls is actually realized by a transformer 8 and magnetic shunts 45 and 46 embedded in it (Fig. 11). This transformation ratio to boost 1.1 reduces the inverter's current in half
    0 the press consumed by the system during normal operation gives the maximum end-to-end efficiency.
    Transformer 8 W-type with magnetic shunts described
    5 to loosen the magnetic circuit between the windings 44 on one side and the windings 31, 29 and 30 on the other side, which gives an effective Lg value of about 5 mH.
    0
    FIG. Figure 13 shows the phase relationships in the known device, in which Ец and Е, lags behind the EU (for example, by 23 ° under typical operating conditions). The difference vector EL again represents the voltage across the series inductance LS) and the current through this inductance is represented by
    information on the position of the network switch, switch to reserve, overheating, overvoltage or other parameters that it is desirable to control through the input-output device 53 and the exchange of information with the corresponding display 54. The microprocessor also takes
    Iu vector at right angles to eg - jq information from interrupt control
    to life. The output current in this example is taken in-phase with the output voltage of the inverter (i.e., the load has a power factor equal to
    regarding parameters such as mains voltage, inverter voltage, time, and any other desired parameters. In this example, the microprocessor controls a counting timer chip (CTS), a carrier generator 55 and a 60 Hz generator CTC 56, which works to provide a carrier frequency on line 57 equal to the pulse repetition frequency with latitude modulation (typically 26 times greater than frequency, Hz), and in order to obtain a sinusoid from the generator 58, a practically pure sinus function at the network frequency and with a desired amplitude of 120 V. The PWM control controls the inverter, which in this case is received including the entire circuit of FIG. 11 so as to determine the phase and width of the pulses that the PWM bridge transistors open.
    unit), so the vector I is flax at the same angle as
    n right - the vector E- shown. The difference vector T then represents a significant circulating current in the inverter, which always exists under these conditions, 20 if the inverter does not consume or provide any active power.
    The network voltage Ец (Fig. 14) is actually transformed into an increase with a factor of 1.1 to a new value Ец, and this increased value of E J is sufficient to obtain the vertical position of vector E, and vector I, perpendicular to E.,
    sb
    directed along the current vector of inverter I and is equal to it. It therefore provides the entire load so that it does not leave any current, active or reactive, flowing into or out of the inverter}, as desired, in order to minimize the inverter current and increase end-to-end efficiency.
    The change in the length of E (Fig. 13 and leads to the fact that the vectors E. and
    remaining perpendicular to each other and in the quantity required.
    gu, turn together
    relative- can-
    to correct any deviations in the sinusoid applied to the load. In normal mode, a sine wave is tied to a sine wave in an industrial network.
    However, to obtain a suitable sinusoid for the comparison circuit in the event of a network voltage failure, the microprocessor contains a stable quartz reference oscillator, powered by the end of vector E, so that the current choice of length, by, I, be combined with 10, whatever direction I is,
    c, for example, depending on the power factor of the load.
    Microprocessor 49 (FIG. 15) controls the frequency and phase | output
    inverter in the form of a sinusoid, feeds the JQ multiplier, from which you can get with the program information from block 50 the desired ideal sinusoid with desire, the personal information of the processing system is powered from the device 51, the digital information about the network voltage, the voltage on - 55 load, current in the network, current in the load, battery current and voltage ak-1 of the cumulator from the analogue converter - figure 52, with the control weight
    desired ideal sine wave with mains frequency
    The microprocessor maintains the frequency synchronism between the reference sinusoidal voltage and the network, and also controls the phase angle between them. It also monitors all system parameters and compares them with the limit values laid down in the programming regarding the position of the network switch, switch to reserve, overheating, overvoltage or other parameters that it is desirable to control through the input-output device 53 and the exchange of information with the corresponding display 54. The microprocessor also accepts
    JQ information from interrupt control
    15
    20

    25
    thirty
    35
    )
    regarding parameters such as mains voltage, inverter voltage, time, and any other desired parameters. In this example, the microprocessor controls a counting timer chip (CTS), a carrier generator 55 and a 60 Hz generator CTC 56, which works to provide a carrier frequency on line 57 equal to the pulse repetition frequency with latitude modulation (typically 26 times greater than frequency, Hz), and in order to obtain a sinusoid from the generator 58, a practically pure sinus function at the network frequency and with a desired amplitude of 120 V. The PWM control controls the inverter, which in this case is assumed to include the entire circuit of FIG. 11 so as to determine the phase and width of the pulses that the PWM bridge transistors open.
    The output of the inverter feedback is from load 61 to comparison amplifier 62 or signal error, which detects and amplifies any differences between the voltage supplied back from the inverter and the ideal sinusoidal voltage from the sine wave generator 58, this difference is applied to the PWM control 59 s field rmul torus, from which you can get the desired ideal sinusoid with
    desired ideal sine wave with mains frequency
    The microprocessor maintains the frequency synchronism between the reference sinusoidal voltage and the network, and also controls the phase angle between them. It also monitors all system parameters and compares them with the limits set in the program. The user has access to these system parameters through the graphic display 63 on the front panel.
    If the network voltage Ew (Fig. 16) consists of a sinusoid with superimposed noise emissions, the voltage of the inverter En-supplied to the load has an almost pure
    sinusoidal character. If the current on the JQ of the torus to output the power of the alternating load 10 (FIG. 17) is distorted
    current, to the second winding of the transformer through a second switch key switch with two states for alternating disconnection and connection is connected a second source for supplying AC power, which is a backup, a third source for applying alternating current to the transformer, an angle control unit between voltages first and third sources for controlling the inverter output current, made in the form of a magnetic shunt for changing the connection between the transformer windings, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency The transformer is provided with a third winding connected to a third voltage source, and the magnetic shunt of the angle control unit isolates the third winding from the first and second windings of the transformer.
    reflects on the current in the network and does not distort its parameters, the current in the network I. remains almost purely sinusoidal.
    A preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown using a transformer, in which magnetic shunts create an effective series inductance LS, and the transfer voltage upwards R is provided by the ratio of turns of completely different and isolated transformer windings. However, many advantages of the invention in terms of decreasing the inverter current and increasing the end-to-end efficiency can be obtained in the case when the series inductance LЈ is a real discrete series coil between the hot wire of the network and the output of the inverter (Fig. 7). and in fact, an autotransformer can be used instead of the fully isolated transformer windings of the preferred embodiment.
    The ratio of E- / E ..,
    equal to 1.1 turned out to be preferable for many practical applications, the minimum inverter current in some cases can be obtained with a ratio value different from 1.1, in which case R is chosen to be different to reduce the inverter current in half operation mode, i.e. In some cases, the power factor of the load may not be near the unit, but may be a known constant value that differs significantly from one, in this case, R may be chosen significantly different from 1.1, so as to get the minimum required inverter current in mode of operation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. An uninterruptible power supply containing a transformer whose output winding is intended for
    connection with a critical load, such as a computer, to the first winding of the transformer through the first switch key switch with two states for alternately connecting and disconnecting is connected the first source consisting of a series-connected battery and inverter for delivering alternating power
    five
    n 5 0
    five
    0 5 0
    five
    current, to the second winding of the transformer through a second switch key switch with two states for alternating disconnection and connection is connected a second source for supplying AC power, which is a backup, a third source for applying alternating current to the transformer, an angle control unit between voltages first and third sources for controlling the inverter output current, made in the form of a magnetic shunt for changing the connection between the transformer windings, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency The transformer is provided with a third winding connected to a third voltage source, and the magnetic shunt of the angle control unit isolates the third winding from the first and second windings of the transformer.
    [2]
    2. Source according to claim 1, characterized in that a voltage control unit of the third source is introduced relative to the voltage of the first source, so as to minimize the output current of the inverter consumed during normal operation.
    [3]
    3. Source according to claim 1, characterized in that an inductance coil is inserted into the angle control unit.
    [4]
    4. The source of claim 1, wherein the first winding of the transformer is autotransformer.
    [5]
    5. The source of claim 1, wherein the number of turns of the third winding of the transformer is less than the number of turns of the output winding.
    [6]
    6. The source of claim 3, wherein a switch is inserted between the inverter and the inductor.
    [7]
    7. The source according to claim 6, characterized in that the inverter is made four-pulse with a pulse-width modulation of the inverter according to a sinusoidal law.
    15153890716
    8, Source according to claim 7, separate controlled diodes and block
    due to the fact that the switching-control of diodes with improper
    Tel is designed as a counter-parallel functioning of the system.
    NM
    d
     ". Fi & .5
    FI.2
    Hz b
    FIG.
    Fig.d
    Thebes. ten
    T1SCH 10
    1 KNITTING
    H
    Ptal2
    Ј,
     "
    #w. / U
    LH
    59% R -
    55 yag / f
    50
    five/
    $ 0. "Y
    All /,
    LLLG VWY. " l
    -and
    Fig.W
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JPS61239311A|1986-10-24|
    FR2577728B1|1993-12-17|
    US4673825A|1987-06-16|
    KR860006854A|1986-09-15|
    MX160227A|1990-01-09|
    IN168131B|1991-02-09|
    GB8603684D0|1986-03-19|
    BR8600659A|1986-10-29|
    CA1241425A|1988-08-30|
    CN1009982B|1990-10-10|
    GB2171861B|1989-04-19|
    GB2171861A|1986-09-03|
    IT8647663D0|1986-02-14|
    DE3604755A1|1986-08-21|
    IT1190496B|1988-02-16|
    CN86101648A|1986-10-22|
    FR2577728A1|1986-08-22|
    SG47489G|1989-12-22|
    KR930010424B1|1993-10-23|
    JPH0664500B2|1994-08-22|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/702,313|US4673825A|1985-02-15|1985-02-15|Uninterruptible power supply with isolated bypass winding|
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